South African scientists are taking a novel approach to combat rhino poaching: injecting live rhino horns with non-toxic radioactive isotopes. This initiative, spearheaded by the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, aims to render the horns unfit for human consumption and facilitate their detection at international borders.
The program, known as the Rhisotope Project, involves injecting low doses of radioisotopes into the horns of sedated rhinos. The health of the initial 20 rhinos will be closely monitored for six months. If deemed successful, the project may expand to protect other endangered species like elephants and pangolins.
How Does the Rhisotope Project Work?
The injected radioisotopes make the horns essentially poisonous for human consumption, deterring their use in traditional medicine. However, the primary objective is to detect smuggled horns before they leave South Africa. Most major airports and harbors already possess radiation detection infrastructure, primarily for nuclear security. Smuggled radioactive horns would trigger these alarms, prompting a swift response from law enforcement.
Ensuring Animal Safety
The researchers emphasize the safety of the procedure for the rhinos. “Each insertion was closely monitored by expert veterinarians with extreme care taken to prevent any harm,” stated Professor James Larkin, the project leader. Extensive research and testing have confirmed that the radioisotopes pose no health risks to the animals or their caregivers.
The Urgency of Rhino Conservation
The Rhisotope Project underscores the critical need for rhino conservation. “Every 20 hours in South Africa a rhino dies for its horn,” Professor Larkin highlighted. These poached horns are highly valued on the black market, exceeding the price of gold, platinum, diamonds, and even cocaine. They are primarily trafficked for use in traditional medicine and as status symbols.
Rhino Population Statistics
The International Rhino Foundation reported 499 rhino killings in South Africa in 2023, an 11% decrease from 2022. Globally, an estimated 16,800 white rhinos and 6,500 black rhinos remain. South Africa is a vital sanctuary for these species, housing approximately 80% of the world’s white rhinos and 30% of its black rhinos.
A Promising Solution
The Rhisotope Project represents a promising new strategy in the fight against rhino poaching. By leveraging existing security infrastructure and focusing on early detection, this initiative has the potential to significantly disrupt the illegal trade of rhino horns and contribute to the long-term survival of these magnificent creatures.
