Scurvy, a nutritional deficiency once associated with long sea voyages, is surprisingly making a comeback in the modern era. Researchers are observing a potential increase in scurvy cases, particularly among vulnerable groups like children with sensory issues, the elderly, and those facing food insecurity. This article explores the reasons behind this resurgence and what can be done to address it.
Understanding Scurvy: Causes and Symptoms
Scurvy is a disease caused by a severe and chronic vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including immune system support and tissue repair. Consequently, individuals with scurvy experience symptoms such as skin lesions, loose teeth, internal bleeding, and if left untreated, even death. Although the link between citrus fruits and scurvy prevention was demonstrated in the 18th century by James Lind, widespread acceptance and scientific validation took until the 20th century. Despite this knowledge, scurvy is re-emerging as a health concern.
Recent Evidence of Scurvy’s Rise
Recent studies and case reports highlight the concerning trend of increasing scurvy cases. A 2024 study analyzing U.S. pediatric hospital admissions revealed a more than threefold increase in reported scurvy cases in children between 2016 and 2020. Canadian doctors reported a case of scurvy in a 65-year-old woman, emphasizing that scurvy should not be considered an archaic disease. Similarly, Australian researchers documented a case in a middle-aged man following bariatric surgery.
Vulnerable Populations and Risk Factors
While scurvy remains relatively rare, certain groups are more susceptible. These include individuals struggling with alcohol use, those with morbid obesity, the elderly, and people experiencing poverty. Food insecurity, limited access to fresh produce, and post-bariatric surgery complications can significantly increase the risk of developing scurvy. Additionally, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who often have selective diets due to sensory issues, are also at a higher risk.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Scurvy
Fortunately, scurvy is readily treatable with high doses of vitamin C. Blood tests can confirm low vitamin C levels and are relatively inexpensive. The challenge lies in recognizing the need for these tests, especially in at-risk populations. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals is crucial. Doctors should consider vitamin C testing when patients present with symptoms like bleeding, especially if they belong to a vulnerable group.
The Importance of Awareness and Prevention
While a 2021 study indicated that a significant percentage of American adults have insufficient vitamin C levels, it’s important to note that sustained deficiency for several months is required for scurvy to develop. Most individuals can easily obtain sufficient vitamin C through a balanced diet. However, raising awareness among both healthcare providers and the public is essential to prevent and address scurvy, particularly in vulnerable populations. Consulting a doctor for testing is advisable for those concerned about their vitamin C intake.
Conclusion: Scurvy in the Modern Age
Although scurvy may not pose the same widespread threat as it did centuries ago, its resurgence underscores the importance of addressing nutritional deficiencies, particularly among vulnerable populations. By promoting awareness, improving access to nutritious food, and ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment, we can effectively combat this preventable disease.
